Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Cincinnati Ohio shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Cincinnati Ohio offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Cincinnati Ohio at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Cincinnati Ohio? Wrong! If the Cincinnati Ohio is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Cincinnati Ohio then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Cincinnati Ohio? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Cincinnati Ohio and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Cincinnati Ohio wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Cincinnati Ohio then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Cincinnati Ohio site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Cincinnati Ohio, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Cincinnati Ohio, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{Infobox Settlement|official_name = Cincinnati, Ohio|settlement_type =
City Strength in Unity)|website = http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov|image_skyline = Cincinnati.jpg|imagesize =|image_caption =|image_flag = Flag Cincinnati.JPG|image_seal = CinciSeal.gif|image_map = Cincinnati Hamilton.png|mapsize = 250px|map_caption = Location in [Hamilton County, Ohio,
Ohio, United States|image_map1 =|mapsize1 =|map_caption1 =|subdivision_type = List of countries|subdivision_type1 =
Political divisions of the United States|subdivision_type2 =
List of counties in Ohio|subdivision_name = United States|subdivision_name2 = [Hamilton County, Ohio|government_type =
Mayor-council government|leader_name = [Mark L. Mallory (Democratic Party (United States))|established_title = Founded|established_date = 1788|established_title2 =
Municipal corporation|established_date2 = 1802 (village)|established_title3 = -|established_date3 = 1819 (city)|area_magnitude = 1 E8|area_total_km2 = 206.1| totalarea_sq_mi = 79.6
|area_land_km2 = 202.0| landarea_sq_mi = 78.0
|area_water_km2 = 4.1| waterarea_sq_mi = 1.6
|population_as_of = 2006|population_footnotes = |population_total = 332252|population_metro = 2104218|population_density_km2 = 1612.1|population_density_sq_mi = 4174.0|timezone_DST = EDT|utc_offset_DST = -4|postal_code_type = ZIP codes]
|timezone =
Eastern Standard Time Zone|utc_offset = -5| timezone_dst = [Eastern Daylight Time
| utc_offset_dst = -4
|latd = 39 |latm = 8 |lats = 10 |latNS = N|longd = 84 |longm = 30 |longs = 11 |longEW = W|area_total_sq_mi = 79.6|area_land_sq_mi = 78.0|area_water_sq_mi = 1.6|elevation_m = 147|elevation_ft = 482|blank_name = Federal Information Processing Standard|blank_info = 39-15000|blank1_name = Geographic Names Information System feature ID|blank1_info = 1066650|footnotes =-->
Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the
county seat of
Hamilton County, Ohio. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border.
With a 2006 population of 332,252, Cincinnati is Ohio's third largest city, behind Columbus, Ohio and
Cleveland, Ohio, and the 56th largest city in the United States. The much larger metropolitan area, commonly called "
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area," stands as the second largest metropolitan region in Ohio, just behind Cleveland, and includes parts of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. As of 2006, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Wilmington, Ohio Combined Statistical Area has a population of 2,147,617 (making it the 20th largest in the country) and is growing at a rate of about one percent annually.
Cincinnati is home to major-league sports, including the Cincinnati Reds (America's first professional baseball team), the Cincinnati Bengals (a National Football League team), the Cincinnati Masters (the oldest tennis tournament in the United States played in its original city), as well as several minor league teams, including the
Cincinnati Kings (a professional soccer team), the
Cincinnati Cyclones (a professional hockey team), and the Cincinnati Jungle Kats (an arena football team).
It is considered to have been the first major American "
boomtown," rapidly expanding in the heart of the country in the early nineteenth century to rival the larger coastal cities in size and wealth. As the first major inland city in the country, it is sometimes thought of as the first purely American city, lacking the heavy European influence that was present on the east coast. However, by the end of the century, Cincinnati's growth had slowed considerably, and the city was surpassed in population by many other inland cities.
Cincinnati is also known for having one of the largest collections of nineteenth-century
Italianate architecture in the U.S. , primarily concentrated just north of Downtown in the
Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, one of the largest historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
, symbol of power as appointed dictator of Rome. His other hand holds the plow, as he resumes the life of a citizen and farmer."--A statue of
Cincinnatus in downtown Cincinnati.
Cincinnati was founded in 1788 by
John Cleves Symmes and Colonel Robert Patterson. {{cite web] (also the author of
Daniel Boone) named it "Losantiville" from four terms, each of a different language, meaning "the city opposite the mouth of the Licking River (Kentucky)." "Ville" is French for "city," "anti" is Greek for "opposite," "os" is Latin for "mouth," and "L" was all that was included of "Licking River."
In 1790, Arthur St. Clair, the governor of the Northwest Territory, changed the name of the settlement to "Cincinnati" in honor of the
Society of the Cincinnati, of which he was a member. The society honored General
George Washington, who was considered a latter day Cincinnatus -- the Roman Empire general who saved his city, then retired from power to his farm. To this day, Cincinnati in particular, and Ohio in general, are home to a disproportionately large number of descendants of
American Revolutionary War soldiers who were United States Military Lands in the state.
In 1802, Cincinnati was chartered as a village and
David Ziegler (1748-1811), a Revolutionary War veteran from Heidelberg, Germany, became the first mayor. Cincinnati was incorporated as a city in 1819. The introduction of steam navigation on the Ohio River in 1811 and the completion of the Miami and Erie Canal helped the city grow to 115,000 citizens by 1850.
Construction on the
Miami and Erie Canal began on
July 21,
1825, when it was called the Miami Canal, a reference to the Little Miami River, which was its origin, and water was diverted into the canal bed in 1827. The canal began by connecting Cincinnati to nearby Middletown, Ohio in 1827 and, by 1840, the canal had reached Toledo, Ohio, changing the Miami Canal to the Miami and Erie Canal and signifying the connection between the Little Miami River and Lake Erie.
Railroads were the next major form of transportation to come to Cincinnati. In 1836, the Little Miami Railroad was chartered. Construction began soon after, with the purpose of connecting Cincinnati with the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad, and thus the ports of the Sandusky Bay.
On April 1,
1853, Cincinnati's Fire Department became a paid department, the first full-time paid fire department in the United States, and the first in the world to use steam fire engines.
Six years later, in 1859, Cincinnati laid out six streetcar lines, making it easier for people to get around the city. By 1872, Cincinnatians could travel on the streetcar line within the city and then be transported by rail car to the hill communities. The Cincinnati Inclined Plane Company began transporting people to the top of Mount Auburn in that year.
.
The Cincinnati Red Stockings, eventually known as the Cincinnati Reds, began their career in the 1800s as well. In 1868, meetings were held at the law offices of Tilden, Sherman, and Moulton to make Cincinnati’s baseball team a professional one; it became the first regular professional team in the country, being organized formally in 1869.
During the American Civil War, Cincinnati played a key role as a major source of supplies and troops for the Union Army. It also served as the headquarters for much of the war for the Department of the Ohio, which was charged with the defense of the region, as well as directing the army's offensives into Kentucky and Tennessee. Due to Cincinnati's proximity to and commerce with
slave states across the Ohio River, there was significant "Southern sympathy" in the Cincinnati area. This is evidenced by the history of the
Copperheads (politics) movement in Ohio.
In 1879,
Procter & Gamble, one of Cincinnati's major soap manufacturers, began marketing Ivory (soap). It got its appeal because of its ability to float. After a fire at their first factory, Procter & Gamble moved to a new factory on the Mill Creek and began soap production again, which eventually lead to the area being known as Ivorydale.Writers' Program of the Works Project Administration,
Cincinnati: A Guide to the Queen City and its Neighbors was dedicated in 1871 to Cincinnati by Henry Probasco and is a symbol for the city and the region.
Cincinnati weathered the Great Depression better than most American cities of its size, largely because of a resurgence of inexpensive river trade. The rejuvenation of downtown began in the 1920s and continued into the next decade with the construction of Union Terminal, the post office, and a large Bell Telephone building. The flood of 1937 was one of the worst in the nation's history, resulting in the building of protective flood walls. After World War II, Cincinnati unveiled a master plan for urban renewal that resulted in modernization of the inner city. Riverfront Stadium and Riverfront Coliseum were completed in the 1970s, as the Cincinnati Reds baseball team emerged as one of the dominant teams of the decade. Tragedy struck the Coliseum in December 1979 when eleven people were killed in a mass panic prior to a rock-and-roll concert by the band The Who. In 1989, the 200th anniversary of the city's founding, much attention was focused on the city's Year 2000 plan, which involved further revitalization.
The completion of several major new development projects enhance the city as it enters the early years of the new millennium. Cincinnati's beloved Bengals and Reds teams both have new, state-of-the-art homes:
Paul Brown Stadium, opened in 2000; and the
Great American Ball Park, opened in 2003, respectively. Two new museums have opened: the
Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art in 2003, and the
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in 2004. With many delays and political setbacks, the City of Cincinnati and Hamilton County are currently planning The Banks--a 24-hour urban neighborhood of restaurants, clubs, offices, and homes with sweeping skyline views, along the city's riverfront. Cincinnati has received such accolades as "Most Liveable City" (1993), Partners for Livable Communities, April 2004; number five U.S. arts destination, American Style Magazine, Summer 2004; and inclusion in the top ten "Cities that Rock," Esquire Magazine, April 2004.The Cincinnati Historical Society
Nicknames
shore.
Cincinnati has a number of nicknames, including the "The Queen City," "The Queen of the West," "The Blue Chip City," "The City of Seven Hills,", and "Porkopolis." These are more typically associated with professional, academic, and public relations references to the city and are not commonly used by locals in casual conversation.
Newer nicknames such as "The 'Nati" are emerging and are used in different cultural contexts such as the hip-hop scene and more casual settings.
Some, particularly those of older generations, still use a regional pronunciation of the city's name where the final vowel ("I") is short as opposed to long. Phonetically, this variation would be spelled instead of the generally accepted . This has seen less usage in recent years.
The nickname, "The City of Seven Hills," is not now a literal description of the city, as there are many more than seven hills in modern Cincinnati. When the city was younger and smaller, the June 1853 edition of the
West American Review, "Article III--Cincinnati: Its Relations to the West and South" described and named seven specific hills. The hills form a crescent around the city: Mount Adams, Ohio,
Walnut Hills, Ohio, Mount Auburn, Cincinnati, Ohio, Vine Street Hill, College Hill, Fairmont (now rendered Fairmount), and Mount Harrison (now known as Price Hill).
A common abbreviation for Cincinnati is "Cincy," used in casual conversation and informal usage, and once was common in postal addresses. "Cinti" also is used, with somewhat less frequency, but can be seen on some road signs.
Geography
, with the bluegrass region in yellow.
Topography
Cincinnati is located at (39.136160, -84.503088).
According to the
United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 206.1 square kilometre (79.6
square mile). 201.9 km² (78.0 mi²) of it is land and 4.1 km² (1.6 mi²) of it (2.01%) is water.
The Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-
Wilmington, Ohio Combined Statistical Area has a population of 2,113,011 people and is the 20th largest in the country. It includes the
Ohio counties of
Hamilton County, Ohio,
Butler County, Ohio, Warren County, Ohio,
Clermont County, Ohio, and
Brown County, Ohio, as well as the Kentucky counties of
Boone County, Kentucky, Bracken County, Kentucky, Campbell County, Kentucky,
Gallatin County, Kentucky, Grant County, Kentucky,
Kenton County, Kentucky, and
Pendleton County, Kentucky, and the Indiana counties of Dearborn County, Indiana, Franklin County, Indiana, and
Ohio County, Indiana.
Climate
Cincinnati is located within a climatic transition zone; the area is at the extreme northern limit of the
humid subtropical climate or at the southern end of the humid continental climate (
Koppen climate classification Cfa or
Dfa), depending on the criteria used. Although technically located in the
Midwest, Cincinnati also is considered to be within the periphery of the
Upland South. The local climate basically is a blend of the subtropics to the south and the mid-latitude area to the north. Evidence of both climatic influences can be found in Cincinnati's landscape material and fauna (see:
Southern magnolia,
Sweetgum, Bald cypress, Musa (genus) hardy banana,
crape myrtle, needle palm , and the common
wall lizard). The USDA Climate Zone map assigns Cincinnati with a 6a/6b
hardiness zone rating (zone one being the coldest and zone 11 being the warmest). More mild "microclimates" of a 7a/b rating may be found, particularly along the Ohio River basin. Cincinnati, which is in the Bluegrass region of the Interior Low Plateau of Ohio, generally receives less snow and has a longer growing season than much of the rest of Ohio.
The summers in Cincinnati generally are warm and humid with cool evenings. The mean annual temperature is 54
Fahrenheit (12 Celsius), with an average annual snowfall of 16 inches (58.4 centimetre) and an average annual rainfall of 41 inches (1,040 mm). The wettest seasons are the spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant all year round. During the winter, particularly in January and February, several days of snow can be expected, allowing for winter sports, although snowfall is lighter than in most of
Ohio. January temperatures range from 22 to 39 °F (-6 to 4 °C) and July temperatures range from 66 to 87 °F (19 to 30 °C). The highest recorded temperature was 103.0 °F (39.4 °C) on August 17
1988, and the lowest recorded temperature was -25°F (-32 °C) on
January 18 1977.
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"|Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000" height="17" | Month! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jan! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Feb! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Mar! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Apr! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | May! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jun! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jul! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Aug! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Sep! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Oct! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Nov! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Dec|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec High °F| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 69| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 75| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 84| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 89| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 93| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 102| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 103| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 102| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 98| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 88| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 81| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 75|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm High °F| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 38| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 43.1| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 53.9| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 64.7| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 74.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 82.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 86.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 84.8| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 78| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 66.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 53.6| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 42.7|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm Low °F| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 21.3| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 25| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 33.8| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 42.7| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 52.9| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 61.6| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 66.1| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 64.2| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 56.8| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 44.9| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 35.7| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 26.4|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec Low °F| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -25| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -11| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -11| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 15| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 27| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 39| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 47| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 43| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 31| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 16| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 1| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -20|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Precip (in)| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.92| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.75| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.9| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.96| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.59| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.42| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.75| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.79| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.82| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.96| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.46| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.28|-| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|
Source: USTravelWeather.com |}
Cityscape
not only is the tallest building in Cincinnati, but it also is a great example of French
Art Deco.
Cincinnati is unique in design as an American city, with its focus centered around
Fountain Square, Cincinnati, which then is surrounded by its tallest buildings.
Cincinnati is home to numerous structures that are noteworthy due to their architectural characteristics or historic associations including the Carew Tower, the
Scripps Center, the
Ingalls Building, Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, and the Isaac M. Wise Temple.
The city is undergoing significant changes due to an influx of The cityscape of Cincinnati, Ohio#New development projects and private investment as well as the beginning of the often-stalled "The Banks" project.
Society
Government and politics
The city is governed by a
Election Results, City Council of Cincinnati, Ohio, whose members are elected at large. Prior to 1924, city council was elected through a system of
Ward (politics). The ward system lent itself to corruption and Cincinnati was run by the Republican Party (United States) political machine of "Boss" Cox from the 1880s through the 1920s with a few brief interludes. A reform movement arose in 1923, led by another
Republican Party (United States), Murray Seasongood. Seasongood eventually founded the Charter Committee, which used ballot initiatives in 1924 to eliminate the ward system and replace it with the current at-large system and also to introduce a
council-manager government form of government. From 1924 to 1957, the council was selected by
proportional representation. Beginning in 1957, all candidates ran in a single race and the top nine vote-getters were elected (the "9-X system"). The mayor was selected by the council. In 1977
Jerry Springer, later a controversial television talk show host, was chosen to serve one year as mayor. Starting in 1987, the top vote-getter in the city council election automatically became mayor. Starting in 1999, the
List of mayors of Cincinnati, Ohio was chosen in a separate election and the city manager received a lesser role in government; these reforms were referred to as the "
Mayor-council government" reforms. Cincinnati politics include the participation of the Charter Party of Cincinnati, Ohio, the party with the third-longest history of winning in local elections.
Race relations
offers lessons on the struggle for freedom in the past, in the present, and for the future as it attempts to challenge visitors to contemplate the meaning of freedom in their own lives.Before the American Civil War, Cincinnati was a bordertown between states that allowed slavery such as Kentucky and those that did not, such as Ohio. Cincinnati and surrounding areas played a major role in Abolitionism. The area was a part of the Underground Railroad and was home to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Her characters in
Uncle Tom's Cabin were based on escaped slaves she met in the area. Levi Coffin made the Cincinnati area the center of his anti slavery efforts in 1847Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the reputed president of the underground railroad: being a brief history of the labors of a lifetime in behalf of the slave, with the stories of numerous fugitives, who gained their freedom through his instrumentality, and many other incidents. Coffin, Levi, 1798-1877, Cincinnati: Western tract society, Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library. Today, The
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center commemorates the era at its center located at 50 East Freedom Way.
In 2001 a series of race riots was triggered by the police shooting death of
Timothy Thomas, an unarmed black teenager.
Law enforcement and crime
Before the
2001 Cincinnati riots, Cincinnati's overall crime rate was dropping dramatically and had reached its lowest point since 1992. After the riot, Keith Fangman, president of the Cincinnati Police Department's
Fraternal Order of Police made various suggestive statements inspiring an unofficial "work slowdown" to demonstrate frustration with the additional scrutiny and lack of support from other city entities. This meant they did not go out of their way for discretionary or self-related work, but they still did respond to emergencies. One example of Fangman's statements is: "If you want to make 20 traffic stops a shift and chase every dope dealer you see, you go right ahead," he wrote. "Just remember that if something goes wrong, or you make the slightest mistake in that split second, it could result in having your worst nightmare come true for you and your family, and City Hall will sell you out."
After the riot, violent crime increased, but is still well below the level of the 1970s . The police force 2001 Cincinnati Riots#Possible legacy of violence correlates with this increase.
In May 2006 and June 2006, together with the Hamilton County Sheriff, the Cincinnati Police Department created a task force to crack down on crime. This consisted of an extra twenty deputies assigned to Over-the-Rhine and helped reduce the crime rate of downtown Cincinnati by 29% . This marks a dramatic decrease in crime but has not reduced the crime levels to pre-riot levels.
In June 2006 the Greater Cincinnati Police Historical Society Museum opened showcasing over 150 years of policing in the Cincinnati area.
In the
United States general elections, 2006 on
November 7,
2006, Hamilton County voters rejected a quarter-cent sales tax increase which would have been used to build a new jail system.
Mayor
Mark Mallory is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, a
bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by
Boston, Massachusetts Mayor
Thomas Menino and
New York City Mayor
Michael Bloomberg. In 2007, the city began a program called the Cincinnati Initiative to Reduce Violence (CIRV), modeled after the Boston Gun Project, in an effort to reduce the record-high 89 homicides of 2006. As part of the CIRV contract, the Cincinnati Human Relations Commission (CHRC) employs youth outreach workers to approach at-risk youth on the streets of high-crime neighborhoods and connect them to needed services, such as employment, and also to arrange community events. CHRC also has youth outreach workers, commonly referred to as "street workers," who are under contract with CeaseFire Cincinnati, as well as the Cincinnati Empowerment Corporation.
Another attempt to reduce gun violence in Cincinnati is the Out of the Crossfire program at University Hospital, which is a rehabilitation program for patients with gunshot wounds. The program attempts to prevent them from falling back into the cycle of violence which many gunshot victims return to after leaving the hospital. http://www.outofthecrossfire.org/index.htm
An article published in the Cincinnati Enquirer on May 30, 2007 affirmed that incidences of violent crime, including homicides, were 15.3 percent lower than they had been in the first four months of 2006. Children's Hospital saw a 78 percent decrease in gunshot wounds, and University Hospital had a 17 percent drop. Kelley, Eileen and Jane Prendergast. "Good news: Crime's down".
Cincinnati Enquirer. 5/30/07.
Demographics
{{USCensusPop|1810= 2540|1820= 9642|1830= 24831|1840= 46338|1850= 115435|1860= 161044|1870= 216239|1880= 255139|1890= 296908|1900= 325902|1910= 363591|1920= 401247|1930= 451160|1940= 455610|1950= 503998|1960= 502550|1970= 452524|1980= 385457|1990= 364040|2000= 331285|estimate=332252|estyear=2006|footnote=Population 1810-1970.
Population 1980-2000.-->As of the census estimates of 2006, there were 332,252 people, 166,012 households, and 72,566 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,498.0/km² (3,879.8.0/mi²). There were 166,012 housing units at an average density of 822.1/km² (2,129.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 52.97% White (U.S. Census), 42.92%
African American (U.S. Census) or Race (United States Census), 0.21% Native American (U.S. Census), 1.55%
Asian (U.S. Census), 0.04% Pacific Islander (U.S. Census), 0.63% from
Race (United States Census), and 1.68% from two or more races. 1.28% of the population were
Hispanics in the United States or Latino (U.S. Census) of any race.
There were 148,095 households out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.6% were
Marriage living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.0% were non-families. 42.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 3.02.
The age distribution is 24.5% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,493, and the median income for a family was $37,543. Males had a median income of $33,063 versus $26,946 for females. The
per capita income for the city was $19,962. About 18.2% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the
poverty line, including 32.0% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over.
In June 2007, Mayor
Mark Mallory announced that for the second time in as many years, he would challenge the latest statistics released by the
Census Bureau. Mallory claimed that the numbers for city population were too low.
There has been concerted effort by the local government to stem the tide of emigrants. The population of Cincinnati decreased by nine percent between 1990 and 2000. Many of those leaving are living in the suburbs just outside of Cincinnati (often considered "
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area"). Several reasons are mentioned for this phenomenon common to many American cities, including job opportunities, entertainment, racial tensions, education opportunities and others. But according to a report released in
The Cincinnati Enquirer on
October 30, 2006, for the first time in over half a century, the U.S. Census Bureau has reported that the City of Cincinnati has actually gained population. Based on the new 2006 estimate of 332,252, this represents an increase of over 20,000 new residents since the previously assumed population of around 308,728 in 2005.
Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7)
id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
ImageSize = width:600 height:400PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30DateFormat = x.yPeriod = from:0 till:520000TimeAxis = orientation:verticalAlignBars = justifyScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:50000 start:0ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10000 start:0BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
BarData= bar:1810 text:1810
bar:1820 text:1820
bar:1830 text:1830
bar:1840 text:1840
bar:1850 text:1850
bar:1860 text:1860
bar:1870 text:1870
bar:1880 text:1880
bar:1890 text:1890
bar:1900 text:1900
bar:1910 text:1910
bar:1920 text:1920
bar:1930 text:1930
bar:1940 text:1940
bar:1950 text:1950
bar:1960 text:1960
bar:1970 text:1970
bar:1980 text:1980
bar:1990 text:1990
bar:2000 text:2000
bar:2006 text:2006
PlotData= color:barra width:10 align:left
bar:1810 from:0 till:2540
bar:1820 from:0 till:9642
bar:1830 from:0 till:24831
bar:1840 from:0 till:46338
bar:1850 from:0 till:115435
bar:1860 from:0 till:161044
bar:1870 from:0 till:216239
bar:1880 from:0 till:255139
bar:1890 from:0 till:296908
bar:1900 from:0 till:325902
bar:1910 from:0 till:363591
bar:1920 from:0 till:401247
bar:1930 from:0 till:451160
bar:1940 from:0 till:455610
bar:1950 from:0 till:503998
bar:1960 from:0 till:502550
bar:1970 from:0 till:452524
bar:1980 from:0 till:385457
bar:1990 from:0 till:364040
bar:2000 from:0 till:331285
bar:2006 from:0 till:332252
PlotData= bar:1810 at:2540 fontsize:S text:2,540 shift:(-5,5)
bar:1820 at:9642 fontsize:S text:9,642 shift:(-10,8)
bar:1830 at:24831 fontsize:S text:24,831 shift:(-10,5)
bar:1840 at:46338 fontsize:S text:46,338 shift:(-15,5)
bar:1850 at:115435 fontsize:S text:115,435 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1860 at:161044 fontsize:S text:161,044 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1870 at:216239 fontsize:S text:216,239 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1880 at:255139 fontsize:S text:255,139 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1890 at:296908 fontsize:S text:296,908 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1900 at:325902 fontsize:S text:325,902 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1910 at:363591 fontsize:S text:363,591 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1920 at:401247 fontsize:S text:401,247 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1930 at:451160 fontsize:S text:451,160 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1940 at:455610 fontsize:S text:455,610 shift:(-20,12)
bar:1950 at:503998 fontsize:S text:503,998 shift:(-20,15)
bar:1960 at:502550 fontsize:S text:502,550 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1970 at:452524 fontsize:S text:452,524 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1980 at:385457 fontsize:S text:385,457 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1990 at:364040 fontsize:S text:364,040 shift:(-20,5)
bar:2000 at:331285 fontsize:S text:331,285 shift:(-20,5)
bar:2006 at:332252 fontsize:S text:332,252* shift:(-20,15)
TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20)
text:* 2006 population is an estimate.
Source: United States Census Bureau
Although the Judaism population of Cincinnati at the turn of the century was estimated to be only about 15,000 -- roughly 1% of the national Jewish population of 1,522,500 at the time -- Cincinnati was a center of the American
Reform Judaism movement in the 19th century. Rabbi
Isaac Mayer Wise, a major contributor to the movement, immigrated to Cincinnati in 1854. Under his supervision the
Hebrew Union College -- the oldest Jewish Seminary in the Americas – opened here in 1875. The American Jewish Archives (AJA) is also found on Hebrew Union College's campus, and is the repository for Reform Judaism in the Americas. Isaac Mayer Wise also founded the historic Isaac M. Wise Temple, also known as K. K. B'nai Yeshurun.
Economy
is one of many corporations based in Cincinnati. can trace its history back to
June 17 1858, when the Bank of the Ohio Valley opened in Cincinnati.
Cincinnati is home to major corporations such as
Procter & Gamble, The Kroger Company,
GE Aviation, Macy's, Inc. (owner of Macy's and
Bloomingdale's),
Convergys,
Chiquita Brands International,
Great American Insurance Company, Western & Southern Financial Group,
The E. W. Scripps Company, the United States Playing Card Company, and
Fifth Third Bank.
Kao Corporation's United States headquarters are in Cincinnati as well. Comparatively-speaking, the region fares well nationally with 10 Fortune 500 companies and 18 Fortune 1000 companies headquartered in the Cincinnati area. Statistically, Greater Cincinnati ranks sixth in the U.S. with 4.98 Fortune 500 companies per million residents and fourth in the U.S. with 8.96 Fortune 1000 companies per million residents.
Education
Secondary education
The
Cincinnati Public Schools, Hamilton County, Ohio district includes 16 high schools, each accepting students on a city-wide basis. The district includes many public
Montessori methods, one of which, Clark Montessori High School, is the first public Montessori high school in the United States.
The city and region is also home to a variety of other schools, both public and private. The Cincinnati area is home to many Catholic high schools, several of which are
Single-sex school. According to the United States Census, 2000, the Cincinnati area has some of the highest private school attendance rates in the United States, with Hamilton County ranking second only to
St. Louis County, Missouri among the country's 100 largest counties.
Post-secondary education
The city of Cincinnati is home to multiple colleges and universities, including:
Other colleges or universities in the region include:
Culture
attracts hundreds of thousands of people with the Germanic themed festival.
Cincinnati is home to numerous festivals and events throughout the year. The Cincinnati Horticultural Society organizes the
Cincinnati Flower Show in late April. This floral event, endorsed by the Royal Horticultural Society, is staged at Lake Como at Coney Island and is claimed to be the biggest outdoor Flower Show in the United States. To celebrate its German heritage, Cincinnati hosts the fourth largest Oktoberfest celebrations in the world (after the original
Oktoberfest in Munich,
Germany). During the summer the Jazz festival is held during a weekend in July. The Tall Stacks festival is celebrated every three or four years to celebrate Cincinnati's riverboat history. The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden and a local bank sponsor the Festival of Lights during the holiday season. Other festivals include: Taste of Cincinnati,
Goetta Fest (in Newport, KY), MidPoint Music Festival and the
Cincinnati Bell/WEBN Riverfest.
The city plays host to numerous musical and theater operations, boasts a large park system, and has a diverse dining culture. One of Cincinnati's most famous attractions is
Fountain Square, Cincinnati, which serves as one of the cultural cornerstones of the region.
Cuisine
, Ohio's oldest still-functioning market
Cincinnati is recognized for the quantity and quality of its many gourmet restaurants. Until 2005, when the restaurant closed,
The Maisonette carried the distinction of being Mobil Travel Guide's longest running
Star (classification) restaurant in the country. Jean-Robert de Cavel has opened four new restaurants in the area since 2001, including Jean-Robert's at Pigall's. Cincinnati's
German American heritage is evidenced by the many eateries that specialize in schnitzels and hearty Bavaria#Food and drink.
Cincinnati is famous for its unique culinary delicacies. "
Cincinnati chili" is commonly served by several independent chains, such as Skyline Chili, Gold Star Chili, Empress Chili, Camp Washington Chili, and Dixie Chili and Deli. In addition, Goetta is a meat product popular in Cincinnati, usually eaten as a breakfast meat.
Findlay Market is Ohio's oldest continuously-operated public market and one of Cincinnati's most famous institutions. The market is the last remaining market among the many that once served Cincinnati.
Music
Festival
Cincinnati gave rise to many popular bands and musicians, including Mood (band),
The Afghan Whigs, Over the Rhine (which traces its roots to Cincinnati's Over-the-Rhine district),
Bootsy Collins, Blessid Union of Souls,
98 Degrees,
The Greenhornes, and
Heartless Bastards. In addition, many other bands and musicians call the
Greater Cincinnati region their home, including Adrian Belew and
Peter Frampton. It is also home to the region's only non-profit for the experimental arts,
Art Damage Inc.Cincinnati is home to the
Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra,
Cincinnati Opera, and Cincinnati Ballet. The Greater Cincinnati area is also home to several regional orchestras and youth orchestras, including the renowned
Starling Chamber Orchestra.
Media
Cincinnati is served by two daily newspapers,
The Cincinnati Enquirer and
The Cincinnati Post, though the
Post is expected to publish its final edition at the end of 2007. The city is home to several alternative, weekly, and monthly publications, as well as twelve television stations and many radio stations.
Movies that were filmed in part in Cincinnati include
Rain Man,
Airborne (film),
Grimm Reality,
Little Man Tate,
Milk Money,
Batman Forever,
Traffic (2000 film),
The Pride of Jesse Hallam,
In Too Deep (film),
The Public Eye (film),
The Last Late Night,{{cite web]. In addition,
Wild Hogs is set, though not filmed, in Cincinnati.
The Cincinnati skyline was prominently featured in the opening and closing sequences of the daytime drama
The Edge of Night prior to 1980; the cityscape was the stand-in for the show's setting, Monticello. Procter & Gamble, the show's producer, is based in Cincinnati. The sitcom
WKRP in Cincinnati featured the city's skyline in its credits as well.
Sports
play in the
Great American Ball Park.
Cincinnati is home to seven major sports venues, two major league teams, six minor league teams, and hosts five college institutions with their own sports teams. It is home to baseball's
Cincinnati Reds, America's first professional baseball team, the
Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League, and the historic international men's and women's tennis tournament, The A.T.P. Masters Series Cincinnati Masters. It is also home to three professional soccer teams, the outdoor teams, the Cincinnati Kings (men's) and Cincinnati LadyHawks (women's), and the indoor team, the Cincinnati Excite (men's). Major League Lacrosse has also announced that Cincinnati is in the running for one of the two expansion teams that will start play in 2008.
Transportation
Streetcar
Cincinnati is currently planning a streetcar line to connect Downtown, Over-the-Rhine and the area around the
University of Cincinnati. The initial study conducted by Omaha-based HDR Engineers was completed on May 31,
2007 estimating the cost to be around $100 million dollars. The first line connecting Over-the-Rhine to the Banks is expected to be ready by 2009 and is estimated to spur the establishment of 1,200 to 3,400 new households resulting in $1.4 billion in redeveloped property, $34 million in new tax income for the city per year, and $17 million in new retail spending.
Highways
Cincinnati is served by three major
Interstate Highway System. Interstate 75 is a north-south route through the Mill Creek (Ohio) valley, whereas
Interstate 71 cuts northeast towards
Mount Adams, Ohio and Walnut Hills.
Interstate 74 begins at
Interstate 75 west of downtown and proceeds towards Indiana.
The city also has an Orbital road, Interstate 275 (Ohio), and a spur to Kentucky,
Interstate 471. It is also served by numerous U.S. highways: U.S. Highway 22, U.S. Highway 27, U.S. Highway 42,
U.S. Highway 50, U.S. Highway 52 and U.S. Highway 127.
Due to its relative size, Cincinnati is a control city on each of these highways.
ARTIMIS is Cincinnati's interstate information service. Current highway conditions are available 24/7 locally by dialing "511". For out-of-town drivers or "511"-disabled phone systems, one can call 513-333-3333.
Rail
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Cincinnati. Ticket offices and boarding stations are located at Cincinnati Union Terminal at 1301 Western Avenue. The
Cardinal (passenger train) is the only scheduled Amtrak passenger train service through Cincinnati.
The Ohio Hub plan has Cincinnati being part of the C Corridor, which will connect Cincinnati, Columbus and Cleveland, Ohio's largest cities. It is questionable whether this project will ever be implemented.
The city is served by several railroad freight services. The largest of these is
CSX Transportation which operates a large railroad yard west of
Interstate 75. The
Norfolk Southern Railroad and Indiana & Ohio Railway also have a large presence. Norfolk Southern operates the city-owned
Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway under a lease agreement.
Air
Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) is the major airport serving the metropolitan area and is located across the river in Kentucky. The airport is the second largest hub for
Delta Air Lines and the largest for its subsidiary,
Comair.
Lunken Airport is a municipal airfield used for smaller business jets and private planes. It was the main city airport before the Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport was built and is located on the east side of town on the Little Miami River. A smaller airport,
Cincinnati West Airport, is located in Harrison, Ohio, Ohio. The
Blue Ash Airport, in Blue Ash, Ohio, Ohio but owned by the City of Cincinnati, was the site of failed attempts to build a large commercial airport north of the city.
Bus service
Cincinnati is served by the Metro city passenger bus system, operated by the
Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (SORTA). The
Transit Authority of Northern Kentucky (TANK) serves Northern Kentucky and operates bus links in Cincinnati at Metro's main Government Square hub.
Greyhound Lines also provides Cincinnati with long-distance, inter-city bus service from a significant downtown station. They currently offer direct service from Cincinnati to Columbus, Dayton, Indianapolis, Lexington, and Louisville.
Subway, light rail, and commuter rail
Cincinnati has an Cincinnati Subway. It was abandoned during construction in 1925 due to cost overruns and is used today as a conduit for fiber optic and water lines. There have been several attempts by Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority to utilize the subways for a modern light-rail system within Hamilton County. All of these initiatives have thus far failed when placed on
{{Infobox Settlement|official_name = Cincinnati, Ohio|settlement_type =
City Strength in Unity)|website = http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov|image_skyline = Cincinnati.jpg|imagesize =|image_caption =|image_flag = Flag Cincinnati.JPG|image_seal = CinciSeal.gif|image_map = Cincinnati Hamilton.png|mapsize = 250px|map_caption = Location in [Hamilton County, Ohio, Ohio,
United States|image_map1 =|mapsize1 =|map_caption1 =|subdivision_type = List of countries|subdivision_type1 = Political divisions of the United States|subdivision_type2 =
List of counties in Ohio|subdivision_name =
United States|subdivision_name2 = [Hamilton County, Ohio|government_type =
Mayor-council government|leader_name = [Mark L. Mallory (
Democratic Party (United States))|established_title = Founded|established_date = 1788|established_title2 =
Municipal corporation|established_date2 = 1802 (village)|established_title3 = -|established_date3 = 1819 (city)|area_magnitude = 1 E8|area_total_km2 = 206.1| totalarea_sq_mi = 79.6
|area_land_km2 = 202.0| landarea_sq_mi = 78.0
|area_water_km2 = 4.1| waterarea_sq_mi = 1.6
|population_as_of = 2006|population_footnotes = |population_total = 332252|population_metro = 2104218|population_density_km2 = 1612.1|population_density_sq_mi = 4174.0|timezone_DST = EDT|utc_offset_DST = -4|postal_code_type = ZIP codes]
|timezone = Eastern Standard Time Zone|utc_offset = -5| timezone_dst = [Eastern Daylight Time
| utc_offset_dst = -4
|latd = 39 |latm = 8 |lats = 10 |latNS = N|longd = 84 |longm = 30 |longs = 11 |longEW = W|area_total_sq_mi = 79.6|area_land_sq_mi = 78.0|area_water_sq_mi = 1.6|elevation_m = 147|elevation_ft = 482|blank_name =
Federal Information Processing Standard|blank_info = 39-15000|blank1_name = Geographic Names Information System feature ID|blank1_info = 1066650|footnotes =-->
Cincinnati is a city in the
U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County, Ohio. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the
Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border.
With a 2006 population of 332,252, Cincinnati is Ohio's third largest city, behind
Columbus, Ohio and
Cleveland, Ohio, and the 56th largest city in the United States. The much larger metropolitan area, commonly called "
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area," stands as the second largest metropolitan region in Ohio, just behind Cleveland, and includes parts of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. As of 2006, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-
Wilmington, Ohio Combined Statistical Area has a population of 2,147,617 (making it the 20th largest in the country) and is growing at a rate of about one percent annually.
Cincinnati is home to major-league sports, including the Cincinnati Reds (America's first professional baseball team), the
Cincinnati Bengals (a National Football League team), the Cincinnati Masters (the oldest tennis tournament in the United States played in its original city), as well as several minor league teams, including the
Cincinnati Kings (a professional soccer team), the Cincinnati Cyclones (a professional hockey team), and the Cincinnati Jungle Kats (an arena football team).
It is considered to have been the first major American "
boomtown," rapidly expanding in the heart of the country in the early nineteenth century to rival the larger coastal cities in size and wealth. As the first major inland city in the country, it is sometimes thought of as the first purely American city, lacking the heavy European influence that was present on the east coast. However, by the end of the century, Cincinnati's growth had slowed considerably, and the city was surpassed in population by many other inland cities.
Cincinnati is also known for having one of the largest collections of nineteenth-century
Italianate architecture in the U.S. , primarily concentrated just north of Downtown in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, one of the largest historic districts listed on the
National Register of Historic Places.
History
, symbol of power as appointed dictator of Rome. His other hand holds the plow, as he resumes the life of a citizen and farmer."--A statue of Cincinnatus in downtown Cincinnati.
Cincinnati was founded in 1788 by
John Cleves Symmes and Colonel Robert Patterson. {{cite web] (also the author of
Daniel Boone) named it "Losantiville" from four terms, each of a different language, meaning "the city opposite the mouth of the Licking River (Kentucky)." "Ville" is French for "city," "anti" is Greek for "opposite," "os" is Latin for "mouth," and "L" was all that was included of "Licking River."
In 1790, Arthur St. Clair, the governor of the
Northwest Territory, changed the name of the settlement to "Cincinnati" in honor of the
Society of the Cincinnati, of which he was a member. The society honored General
George Washington, who was considered a latter day Cincinnatus -- the
Roman Empire general who saved his city, then retired from power to his farm. To this day, Cincinnati in particular, and Ohio in general, are home to a disproportionately large number of descendants of American Revolutionary War soldiers who were United States Military Lands in the state.
In 1802, Cincinnati was chartered as a
village and
David Ziegler (1748-1811), a Revolutionary War veteran from
Heidelberg,
Germany, became the first mayor. Cincinnati was incorporated as a city in 1819. The introduction of steam navigation on the
Ohio River in 1811 and the completion of the Miami and Erie Canal helped the city grow to 115,000 citizens by 1850.
Construction on the Miami and Erie Canal began on July 21,
1825, when it was called the Miami Canal, a reference to the
Little Miami River, which was its origin, and water was diverted into the canal bed in 1827. The canal began by connecting Cincinnati to nearby Middletown, Ohio in 1827 and, by 1840, the canal had reached Toledo, Ohio, changing the Miami Canal to the Miami and Erie Canal and signifying the connection between the Little Miami River and Lake Erie.
Railroads were the next major form of transportation to come to Cincinnati. In 1836, the Little Miami Railroad was chartered. Construction began soon after, with the purpose of connecting Cincinnati with the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad, and thus the ports of the Sandusky Bay.
On April 1,
1853, Cincinnati's Fire Department became a paid department, the first full-time paid fire department in the United States, and the first in the world to use steam fire engines.
Six years later, in 1859, Cincinnati laid out six streetcar lines, making it easier for people to get around the city. By 1872, Cincinnatians could travel on the streetcar line within the city and then be transported by rail car to the hill communities. The Cincinnati Inclined Plane Company began transporting people to the top of Mount Auburn in that year.
.
The
Cincinnati Red Stockings, eventually known as the
Cincinnati Reds, began their career in the 1800s as well. In 1868, meetings were held at the law offices of Tilden, Sherman, and Moulton to make Cincinnati’s baseball team a professional one; it became the first regular professional team in the country, being organized formally in 1869.
During the
American Civil War, Cincinnati played a key role as a major source of supplies and troops for the Union Army. It also served as the headquarters for much of the war for the Department of the Ohio, which was charged with the defense of the region, as well as directing the army's offensives into Kentucky and Tennessee. Due to Cincinnati's proximity to and commerce with slave states across the
Ohio River, there was significant "Southern sympathy" in the Cincinnati area. This is evidenced by the history of the
Copperheads (politics) movement in Ohio.
In 1879,
Procter & Gamble, one of Cincinnati's major soap manufacturers, began marketing Ivory (soap). It got its appeal because of its ability to float. After a fire at their first factory, Procter & Gamble moved to a new factory on the Mill Creek and began soap production again, which eventually lead to the area being known as Ivorydale.Writers' Program of the Works Project Administration,
Cincinnati: A Guide to the Queen City and its Neighbors was dedicated in 1871 to Cincinnati by Henry Probasco and is a symbol for the city and the region.
Cincinnati weathered the Great Depression better than most American cities of its size, largely because of a resurgence of inexpensive river trade. The rejuvenation of downtown began in the 1920s and continued into the next decade with the construction of Union Terminal, the post office, and a large Bell Telephone building. The flood of 1937 was one of the worst in the nation's history, resulting in the building of protective flood walls. After World War II, Cincinnati unveiled a master plan for urban renewal that resulted in modernization of the inner city. Riverfront Stadium and Riverfront Coliseum were completed in the 1970s, as the
Cincinnati Reds baseball team emerged as one of the dominant teams of the decade. Tragedy struck the Coliseum in December 1979 when eleven people were killed in a mass panic prior to a rock-and-roll concert by the band The Who. In 1989, the 200th anniversary of the city's founding, much attention was focused on the city's Year 2000 plan, which involved further revitalization.
The completion of several major new development projects enhance the city as it enters the early years of the new millennium. Cincinnati's beloved Bengals and Reds teams both have new, state-of-the-art homes:
Paul Brown Stadium, opened in 2000; and the Great American Ball Park, opened in 2003, respectively. Two new museums have opened: the Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art in 2003, and the
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in 2004. With many delays and political setbacks, the City of Cincinnati and Hamilton County are currently planning The Banks--a 24-hour urban neighborhood of restaurants, clubs, offices, and homes with sweeping skyline views, along the city's riverfront. Cincinnati has received such accolades as "Most Liveable City" (1993), Partners for Livable Communities, April 2004; number five U.S. arts destination, American Style Magazine, Summer 2004; and inclusion in the top ten "Cities that Rock," Esquire Magazine, April 2004.The Cincinnati Historical Society
Nicknames
shore.
Cincinnati has a number of nicknames, including the "The Queen City," "The Queen of the West," "The Blue Chip City," "The City of Seven Hills,", and "Porkopolis." These are more typically associated with professional, academic, and public relations references to the city and are not commonly used by locals in casual conversation.
Newer nicknames such as "The 'Nati" are emerging and are used in different cultural contexts such as the hip-hop scene and more casual settings.
Some, particularly those of older generations, still use a regional pronunciation of the city's name where the final vowel ("I") is short as opposed to long. Phonetically, this variation would be spelled instead of the generally accepted . This has seen less usage in recent years.
The nickname, "The City of Seven Hills," is not now a literal description of the city, as there are many more than seven hills in modern Cincinnati. When the city was younger and smaller, the June 1853 edition of the
West American Review, "Article III--Cincinnati: Its Relations to the West and South" described and named seven specific hills. The hills form a crescent around the city:
Mount Adams, Ohio,
Walnut Hills, Ohio,
Mount Auburn, Cincinnati, Ohio, Vine Street Hill, College Hill, Fairmont (now rendered Fairmount), and Mount Harrison (now known as Price Hill).
A common abbreviation for Cincinnati is "Cincy," used in casual conversation and informal usage, and once was common in postal addresses. "Cinti" also is used, with somewhat less frequency, but can be seen on some road signs.
Geography
, with the bluegrass region in yellow.
Topography
Cincinnati is located at (39.136160, -84.503088).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 206.1
square kilometre (79.6 square mile). 201.9 km² (78.0 mi²) of it is land and 4.1 km² (1.6 mi²) of it (2.01%) is water.
The Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-
Wilmington, Ohio Combined Statistical Area has a population of 2,113,011 people and is the 20th largest in the country. It includes the Ohio counties of
Hamilton County, Ohio,
Butler County, Ohio, Warren County, Ohio,
Clermont County, Ohio, and Brown County, Ohio, as well as the Kentucky counties of
Boone County, Kentucky,
Bracken County, Kentucky,
Campbell County, Kentucky, Gallatin County, Kentucky, Grant County, Kentucky, Kenton County, Kentucky, and Pendleton County, Kentucky, and the Indiana counties of Dearborn County, Indiana, Franklin County, Indiana, and
Ohio County, Indiana.
Climate
Cincinnati is located within a climatic transition zone; the area is at the extreme northern limit of the humid subtropical climate or at the southern end of the humid continental climate (
Koppen climate classification Cfa or
Dfa), depending on the criteria used. Although technically located in the
Midwest, Cincinnati also is considered to be within the periphery of the
Upland South. The local climate basically is a blend of the subtropics to the south and the mid-latitude area to the north. Evidence of both climatic influences can be found in Cincinnati's landscape material and fauna (see:
Southern magnolia,
Sweetgum,
Bald cypress,
Musa (genus) hardy banana,
crape myrtle, needle palm , and the common
wall lizard). The USDA Climate Zone map assigns Cincinnati with a 6a/6b hardiness zone rating (zone one being the coldest and zone 11 being the warmest). More mild "microclimates" of a 7a/b rating may be found, particularly along the Ohio River basin. Cincinnati, which is in the
Bluegrass region of the Interior Low Plateau of Ohio, generally receives less snow and has a longer growing season than much of the rest of Ohio.
The summers in Cincinnati generally are warm and humid with cool evenings. The mean annual temperature is 54 Fahrenheit (12
Celsius), with an average annual snowfall of 16 inches (58.4 centimetre) and an average annual rainfall of 41 inches (1,040 mm). The wettest seasons are the spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant all year round. During the winter, particularly in January and February, several days of snow can be expected, allowing for winter sports, although snowfall is lighter than in most of Ohio. January temperatures range from 22 to 39 °F (-6 to 4 °C) and July temperatures range from 66 to 87 °F (19 to 30 °C). The highest recorded temperature was 103.0 °F (39.4 °C) on
August 17 1988, and the lowest recorded temperature was -25°F (-32 °C) on January 18
1977.
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"|Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000" height="17" | Month! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jan! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Feb! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Mar! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Apr! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | May! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jun! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jul! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Aug! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Sep! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Oct! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Nov! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Dec|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec High °F| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 69| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 75| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 84| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 89| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 93| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 102| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 103| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 102| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 98| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 88| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 81| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 75|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm High °F| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 38| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 43.1| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 53.9| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 64.7| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 74.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 82.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 86.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 84.8| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 78| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 66.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 53.6| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 42.7|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm Low °F| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 21.3| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 25| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 33.8| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 42.7| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 52.9| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 61.6| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 66.1| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 64.2| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 56.8| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 44.9| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 35.7| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 26.4|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec Low °F| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -25| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -11| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -11| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 15| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 27| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 39| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 47| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 43| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 31| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 16| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 1| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -20|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Precip (in)| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.92| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.75| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.9| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.96| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.59| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.42| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.75| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.79| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.82| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.96| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.46| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.28|-| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|
Source: USTravelWeather.com |}
Cityscape
not only is the tallest building in Cincinnati, but it also is a great example of French Art Deco.
Cincinnati is unique in design as an American city, with its focus centered around Fountain Square, Cincinnati, which then is surrounded by its tallest buildings.
Cincinnati is home to numerous structures that are noteworthy due to their architectural characteristics or historic associations including the Carew Tower, the Scripps Center, the
Ingalls Building,
Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, and the
Isaac M. Wise Temple.
The city is undergoing significant changes due to an influx of The cityscape of Cincinnati, Ohio#New development projects and private investment as well as the beginning of the often-stalled "The Banks" project.
Society
Government and politics
The city is governed by a
Election Results, City Council of Cincinnati, Ohio, whose members are elected at large. Prior to 1924, city council was elected through a system of
Ward (politics). The ward system lent itself to corruption and Cincinnati was run by the
Republican Party (United States) political machine of "Boss" Cox from the 1880s through the 1920s with a few brief interludes. A reform movement arose in 1923, led by another
Republican Party (United States), Murray Seasongood. Seasongood eventually founded the Charter Committee, which used ballot initiatives in 1924 to eliminate the ward system and replace it with the current at-large system and also to introduce a council-manager government form of government. From 1924 to 1957, the council was selected by
proportional representation. Beginning in 1957, all candidates ran in a single race and the top nine vote-getters were elected (the "9-X system"). The mayor was selected by the council. In 1977 Jerry Springer, later a controversial television talk show host, was chosen to serve one year as mayor. Starting in 1987, the top vote-getter in the city council election automatically became mayor. Starting in 1999, the
List of mayors of Cincinnati, Ohio was chosen in a separate election and the city manager received a lesser role in government; these reforms were referred to as the "Mayor-council government" reforms. Cincinnati politics include the participation of the Charter Party of Cincinnati, Ohio, the party with the third-longest history of winning in local elections.
Race relations
offers lessons on the struggle for freedom in the past, in the present, and for the future as it attempts to challenge visitors to contemplate the meaning of freedom in their own lives.Before the American Civil War, Cincinnati was a bordertown between states that allowed slavery such as Kentucky and those that did not, such as Ohio. Cincinnati and surrounding areas played a major role in
Abolitionism. The area was a part of the Underground Railroad and was home to
Harriet Beecher Stowe. Her characters in
Uncle Tom's Cabin were based on escaped slaves she met in the area. Levi Coffin made the Cincinnati area the center of his anti slavery efforts in 1847Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the reputed president of the underground railroad: being a brief history of the labors of a lifetime in behalf of the slave, with the stories of numerous fugitives, who gained their freedom through his instrumentality, and many other incidents. Coffin, Levi, 1798-1877, Cincinnati: Western tract society, Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library. Today, The
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center commemorates the era at its center located at 50 East Freedom Way.
In 2001 a series of race riots was triggered by the police shooting death of Timothy Thomas, an unarmed black teenager.
Law enforcement and crime
Before the
2001 Cincinnati riots, Cincinnati's overall crime rate was dropping dramatically and had reached its lowest point since 1992. After the riot, Keith Fangman, president of the Cincinnati Police Department's
Fraternal Order of Police made various suggestive statements inspiring an unofficial "work slowdown" to demonstrate frustration with the additional scrutiny and lack of support from other city entities. This meant they did not go out of their way for discretionary or self-related work, but they still did respond to emergencies. One example of Fangman's statements is: "If you want to make 20 traffic stops a shift and chase every dope dealer you see, you go right ahead," he wrote. "Just remember that if something goes wrong, or you make the slightest mistake in that split second, it could result in having your worst nightmare come true for you and your family, and City Hall will sell you out."
After the riot, violent crime increased, but is still well below the level of the 1970s . The police force 2001 Cincinnati Riots#Possible legacy of violence correlates with this increase.
In May 2006 and June 2006, together with the Hamilton County Sheriff, the Cincinnati Police Department created a task force to crack down on crime. This consisted of an extra twenty deputies assigned to Over-the-Rhine and helped reduce the crime rate of downtown Cincinnati by 29% . This marks a dramatic decrease in crime but has not reduced the crime levels to pre-riot levels.
In June 2006 the Greater Cincinnati Police Historical Society Museum opened showcasing over 150 years of policing in the Cincinnati area.
In the
United States general elections, 2006 on
November 7,
2006, Hamilton County voters rejected a quarter-cent
sales tax increase which would have been used to build a new jail system.
Mayor
Mark Mallory is a member of the
Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by Boston, Massachusetts Mayor Thomas Menino and New York City Mayor
Michael Bloomberg. In 2007, the city began a program called the Cincinnati Initiative to Reduce Violence (CIRV), modeled after the Boston Gun Project, in an effort to reduce the record-high 89 homicides of 2006. As part of the CIRV contract, the Cincinnati Human Relations Commission (CHRC) employs youth outreach workers to approach at-risk youth on the streets of high-crime neighborhoods and connect them to needed services, such as employment, and also to arrange community events. CHRC also has youth outreach workers, commonly referred to as "street workers," who are under contract with CeaseFire Cincinnati, as well as the Cincinnati Empowerment Corporation.
Another attempt to reduce gun violence in Cincinnati is the Out of the Crossfire program at University Hospital, which is a rehabilitation program for patients with gunshot wounds. The program attempts to prevent them from falling back into the cycle of violence which many gunshot victims return to after leaving the hospital. http://www.outofthecrossfire.org/index.htm
An article published in the Cincinnati Enquirer on
May 30,
2007 affirmed that incidences of violent crime, including homicides, were 15.3 percent lower than they had been in the first four months of 2006. Children's Hospital saw a 78 percent decrease in gunshot wounds, and University Hospital had a 17 percent drop. Kelley, Eileen and Jane Prendergast. "Good news: Crime's down".
Cincinnati Enquirer. 5/30/07.
Demographics
{{USCensusPop|1810= 2540|1820= 9642|1830= 24831|1840= 46338|1850= 115435|1860= 161044|1870= 216239|1880= 255139|1890= 296908|1900= 325902|1910= 363591|1920= 401247|1930= 451160|1940= 455610|1950= 503998|1960= 502550|1970= 452524|1980= 385457|1990= 364040|2000= 331285|estimate=332252|estyear=2006|footnote=Population 1810-1970.
Population 1980-2000.-->As of the
census estimates of 2006, there were 332,252 people, 166,012 households, and 72,566 families residing in the city. The
population density was 1,498.0/km² (3,879.8.0/mi²). There were 166,012 housing units at an average density of 822.1/km² (2,129.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 52.97%
White (U.S. Census), 42.92%
African American (U.S. Census) or Race (United States Census), 0.21%
Native American (U.S. Census), 1.55%
Asian (U.S. Census), 0.04%
Pacific Islander (U.S. Census), 0.63% from Race (United States Census), and 1.68% from two or more races. 1.28% of the population were Hispanics in the United States or Latino (U.S. Census) of any race.
There were 148,095 households out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.6% were Marriage living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.0% were non-families. 42.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 3.02.
The age distribution is 24.5% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,493, and the median income for a family was $37,543. Males had a median income of $33,063 versus $26,946 for females. The
per capita income for the city was $19,962. About 18.2% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.0% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over.
In June 2007, Mayor Mark Mallory announced that for the second time in as many years, he would challenge the latest statistics released by the Census Bureau. Mallory claimed that the numbers for city population were too low.
There has been concerted effort by the local government to stem the tide of emigrants. The population of Cincinnati decreased by nine percent between 1990 and 2000. Many of those leaving are living in the suburbs just outside of Cincinnati (often considered "
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area"). Several reasons are mentioned for this phenomenon common to many American cities, including job opportunities, entertainment, racial tensions, education opportunities and others. But according to a report released in
The Cincinnati Enquirer on
October 30, 2006, for the first time in over half a century, the U.S. Census Bureau has reported that the City of Cincinnati has actually gained population. Based on the new 2006 estimate of 332,252, this represents an increase of over 20,000 new residents since the previously assumed population of around 308,728 in 2005.
Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7)
id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
ImageSize = width:600 height:400PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30DateFormat = x.yPeriod = from:0 till:520000TimeAxis = orientation:verticalAlignBars = justifyScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:50000 start:0ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10000 start:0BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
BarData= bar:1810 text:1810
bar:1820 text:1820
bar:1830 text:1830
bar:1840 text:1840
bar:1850 text:1850
bar:1860 text:1860
bar:1870 text:1870
bar:1880 text:1880
bar:1890 text:1890
bar:1900 text:1900
bar:1910 text:1910
bar:1920 text:1920
bar:1930 text:1930
bar:1940 text:1940
bar:1950 text:1950
bar:1960 text:1960
bar:1970 text:1970
bar:1980 text:1980
bar:1990 text:1990
bar:2000 text:2000
bar:2006 text:2006
PlotData= color:barra width:10 align:left
bar:1810 from:0 till:2540
bar:1820 from:0 till:9642
bar:1830 from:0 till:24831
bar:1840 from:0 till:46338
bar:1850 from:0 till:115435
bar:1860 from:0 till:161044
bar:1870 from:0 till:216239
bar:1880 from:0 till:255139
bar:1890 from:0 till:296908
bar:1900 from:0 till:325902
bar:1910 from:0 till:363591
bar:1920 from:0 till:401247
bar:1930 from:0 till:451160
bar:1940 from:0 till:455610
bar:1950 from:0 till:503998
bar:1960 from:0 till:502550
bar:1970 from:0 till:452524
bar:1980 from:0 till:385457
bar:1990 from:0 till:364040
bar:2000 from:0 till:331285
bar:2006 from:0 till:332252
PlotData= bar:1810 at:2540 fontsize:S text:2,540 shift:(-5,5)
bar:1820 at:9642 fontsize:S text:9,642 shift:(-10,8)
bar:1830 at:24831 fontsize:S text:24,831 shift:(-10,5)
bar:1840 at:46338 fontsize:S text:46,338 shift:(-15,5)
bar:1850 at:115435 fontsize:S text:115,435 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1860 at:161044 fontsize:S text:161,044 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1870 at:216239 fontsize:S text:216,239 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1880 at:255139 fontsize:S text:255,139 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1890 at:296908 fontsize:S text:296,908 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1900 at:325902 fontsize:S text:325,902 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1910 at:363591 fontsize:S text:363,591 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1920 at:401247 fontsize:S text:401,247 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1930 at:451160 fontsize:S text:451,160 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1940 at:455610 fontsize:S text:455,610 shift:(-20,12)
bar:1950 at:503998 fontsize:S text:503,998 shift:(-20,15)
bar:1960 at:502550 fontsize:S text:502,550 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1970 at:452524 fontsize:S text:452,524 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1980 at:385457 fontsize:S text:385,457 shift:(-20,5)
bar:1990 at:364040 fontsize:S text:364,040 shift:(-20,5)
bar:2000 at:331285 fontsize:S text:331,285 shift:(-20,5)
bar:2006 at:332252 fontsize:S text:332,252* shift:(-20,15)
TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20)
text:* 2006 population is an estimate.
Source: United States Census Bureau
Although the
Judaism population of Cincinnati at the turn of the century was estimated to be only about 15,000 -- roughly 1% of the national Jewish population of 1,522,500 at the time -- Cincinnati was a center of the American Reform Judaism movement in the 19th century. Rabbi
Isaac Mayer Wise, a major contributor to the movement, immigrated to Cincinnati in 1854. Under his supervision the
Hebrew Union College -- the oldest Jewish Seminary in the Americas – opened here in 1875.
The American Jewish Archives (AJA) is also found on Hebrew Union College's campus, and is the repository for Reform Judaism in the Americas.
Isaac Mayer Wise also founded the historic
Isaac M. Wise Temple, also known as K. K. B'nai Yeshurun.
Economy
is one of many corporations based in Cincinnati. can trace its history back to
June 17 1858, when the Bank of the Ohio Valley opened in Cincinnati.
Cincinnati is home to major corporations such as
Procter & Gamble, The Kroger Company,
GE Aviation,
Macy's, Inc. (owner of
Macy's and Bloomingdale's),
Convergys, Chiquita Brands International, Great American Insurance Company,
Western & Southern Financial Group,
The E. W. Scripps Company, the
United States Playing Card Company, and
Fifth Third Bank. Kao Corporation's United States headquarters are in Cincinnati as well. Comparatively-speaking, the region fares well nationally with 10 Fortune 500 companies and 18 Fortune 1000 companies headquartered in the Cincinnati area. Statistically, Greater Cincinnati ranks sixth in the U.S. with 4.98 Fortune 500 companies per million residents and fourth in the U.S. with 8.96 Fortune 1000 companies per million residents.
Education
Secondary education
The Cincinnati Public Schools, Hamilton County, Ohio district includes 16 high schools, each accepting students on a city-wide basis. The district includes many public
Montessori methods, one of which,
Clark Montessori High School, is the first public Montessori high school in the United States.
The city and region is also home to a variety of other schools, both public and private. The Cincinnati area is home to many Catholic high schools, several of which are Single-sex school. According to the United States Census, 2000, the Cincinnati area has some of the highest private school attendance rates in the United States, with Hamilton County ranking second only to St. Louis County, Missouri among the country's 100 largest counties.
Post-secondary education
The city of Cincinnati is home to multiple colleges and universities, including:
Other colleges or universities in the region include:
Culture
attracts hundreds of thousands of people with the Germanic themed festival.
Cincinnati is home to numerous festivals and events throughout the year. The Cincinnati Horticultural Society organizes the
Cincinnati Flower Show in late April. This floral event, endorsed by the Royal Horticultural Society, is staged at Lake Como at Coney Island and is claimed to be the biggest outdoor Flower Show in the United States. To celebrate its German heritage, Cincinnati hosts the fourth largest
Oktoberfest celebrations in the world (after the original
Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany). During the summer the Jazz festival is held during a weekend in July. The
Tall Stacks festival is celebrated every three or four years to celebrate Cincinnati's riverboat history. The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden and a local bank sponsor the
Festival of Lights during the holiday season. Other festivals include:
Taste of Cincinnati, Goetta Fest (in Newport, KY), MidPoint Music Festival and the Cincinnati Bell/WEBN Riverfest.
The city plays host to numerous musical and theater operations, boasts a large park system, and has a diverse dining culture. One of Cincinnati's most famous attractions is
Fountain Square, Cincinnati, which serves as one of the cultural cornerstones of the region.
Cuisine
, Ohio's oldest still-functioning market
Cincinnati is recognized for the quantity and quality of its many gourmet restaurants. Until 2005, when the restaurant closed, The Maisonette carried the distinction of being
Mobil Travel Guide's longest running
Star (classification) restaurant in the country. Jean-Robert de Cavel has opened four new restaurants in the area since 2001, including Jean-Robert's at Pigall's. Cincinnati's German American heritage is evidenced by the many eateries that specialize in schnitzels and hearty
Bavaria#Food and drink.
Cincinnati is famous for its unique culinary delicacies. "Cincinnati chili" is commonly served by several independent chains, such as Skyline Chili,
Gold Star Chili, Empress Chili, Camp Washington Chili, and
Dixie Chili and Deli. In addition,
Goetta is a meat product popular in Cincinnati, usually eaten as a breakfast meat.
Findlay Market is Ohio's oldest continuously-operated public market and one of Cincinnati's most famous institutions. The market is the last remaining market among the many that once served Cincinnati.
Music
Festival
Cincinnati gave rise to many popular bands and musicians, including
Mood (band), The Afghan Whigs, Over the Rhine (which traces its roots to Cincinnati's
Over-the-Rhine district),
Bootsy Collins, Blessid Union of Souls,
98 Degrees, The Greenhornes, and
Heartless Bastards. In addition, many other bands and musicians call the Greater Cincinnati region their home, including Adrian Belew and
Peter Frampton. It is also home to the region's only non-profit for the experimental arts, Art Damage Inc.
Cincinnati is home to the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, Cincinnati Opera, and Cincinnati Ballet. The Greater Cincinnati area is also home to several regional orchestras and youth orchestras, including the renowned Starling Chamber Orchestra.
Media
Cincinnati is served by two daily newspapers,
The Cincinnati Enquirer and
The Cincinnati Post, though the
Post is expected to publish its final edition at the end of 2007. The city is home to several alternative, weekly, and monthly publications, as well as twelve television stations and many radio stations.
Movies that were filmed in part in Cincinnati include
Rain Man,
Airborne (film),
Grimm Reality,
Little Man Tate,
Milk Money,
Batman Forever,
Traffic (2000 film),
The Pride of Jesse Hallam,
In Too Deep (film),
The Public Eye (film),
The Last Late Night,{{cite web]. In addition,
Wild Hogs is set, though not filmed, in Cincinnati.
The Cincinnati skyline was prominently featured in the opening and closing sequences of the daytime drama
The Edge of Night prior to 1980; the cityscape was the stand-in for the show's setting, Monticello. Procter & Gamble, the show's producer, is based in Cincinnati. The sitcom
WKRP in Cincinnati featured the city's skyline in its credits as well.
Sports
play in the
Great American Ball Park.
Cincinnati is home to seven major sports venues, two major league teams, six minor league teams, and hosts five college institutions with their own sports teams. It is home to baseball's
Cincinnati Reds, America's first professional baseball team, the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League, and the historic international men's and women's tennis tournament, The A.T.P. Masters Series Cincinnati Masters. It is also home to three professional soccer teams, the outdoor teams, the Cincinnati Kings (men's) and Cincinnati LadyHawks (women's), and the indoor team, the Cincinnati Excite (men's). Major League Lacrosse has also announced that Cincinnati is in the running for one of the two expansion teams that will start play in 2008.
Transportation
Streetcar
Cincinnati is currently planning a streetcar line to connect Downtown,
Over-the-Rhine and the area around the
University of Cincinnati. The initial study conducted by Omaha-based HDR Engineers was completed on May 31,
2007 estimating the cost to be around $100 million dollars. The first line connecting Over-the-Rhine to the Banks is expected to be ready by 2009 and is estimated to spur the establishment of 1,200 to 3,400 new households resulting in $1.4 billion in redeveloped property, $34 million in new tax income for the city per year, and $17 million in new retail spending.
Highways
Cincinnati is served by three major
Interstate Highway System.
Interstate 75 is a north-south route through the Mill Creek (Ohio) valley, whereas
Interstate 71 cuts northeast towards Mount Adams, Ohio and Walnut Hills. Interstate 74 begins at
Interstate 75 west of downtown and proceeds towards Indiana.
The city also has an Orbital road, Interstate 275 (Ohio), and a spur to
Kentucky, Interstate 471. It is also served by numerous U.S. highways: U.S. Highway 22, U.S. Highway 27, U.S. Highway 42, U.S. Highway 50, U.S. Highway 52 and
U.S. Highway 127.
Due to its relative size, Cincinnati is a
control city on each of these highways.
ARTIMIS is Cincinnati's interstate information service. Current highway conditions are available 24/7 locally by dialing "511". For out-of-town drivers or "511"-disabled phone systems, one can call 513-333-3333.
Rail
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Cincinnati. Ticket offices and boarding stations are located at
Cincinnati Union Terminal at 1301 Western Avenue. The
Cardinal (passenger train) is the only scheduled Amtrak passenger train service through Cincinnati.
The Ohio Hub plan has Cincinnati being part of the C Corridor, which will connect Cincinnati, Columbus and Cleveland, Ohio's largest cities. It is questionable whether this project will ever be implemented.
The city is served by several railroad freight services. The largest of these is
CSX Transportation which operates a large railroad yard west of
Interstate 75. The
Norfolk Southern Railroad and
Indiana & Ohio Railway also have a large presence. Norfolk Southern operates the city-owned
Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway under a lease agreement.
Air
Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) is the major airport serving the metropolitan area and is located across the river in Kentucky. The airport is the second largest hub for
Delta Air Lines and the largest for its subsidiary, Comair.
Lunken Airport is a municipal airfield used for smaller business jets and private planes. It was the main city airport before the Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport was built and is located on the east side of town on the Little Miami River. A smaller airport, Cincinnati West Airport, is located in
Harrison, Ohio, Ohio. The
Blue Ash Airport, in Blue Ash, Ohio, Ohio but owned by the City of Cincinnati, was the site of failed attempts to build a large commercial airport north of the city.
Bus service
Cincinnati is served by the Metro city passenger bus system, operated by the
Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (SORTA). The
Transit Authority of Northern Kentucky (TANK) serves Northern Kentucky and operates bus links in Cincinnati at Metro's main Government Square hub.
Greyhound Lines also provides Cincinnati with long-distance, inter-city bus service from a significant downtown station. They currently offer direct service from Cincinnati to Columbus, Dayton, Indianapolis, Lexington, and Louisville.
Subway, light rail, and commuter rail
Cincinnati has an Cincinnati Subway. It was abandoned during construction in 1925 due to cost overruns and is used today as a conduit for fiber optic and water lines. There have been several attempts by Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority to utilize the subways for a modern light-rail system within Hamilton County. All of these initiatives have thus far failed when placed on
Cincinnati, Ohio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. [5] The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Ohio River at the ...
Career Opportunities at NIOSH: Cincinnati, Ohio | CDC/NIOSH
Career Opportunities at NIOSH: Cincinnati, Ohio ... Fortune, Places Rated Almanac, Employment Review, and Entrepreneur magazines all rate Greater Cincinnati as one of the best U.S ...
Cincinnati - definition of Cincinnati by the Free Online Dictionary ...
Definition of Cincinnati in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of Cincinnati. Pronunciation of Cincinnati. Translations of Cincinnati. Cincinnati synonyms, Cincinnati antonyms.
The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
Founded in 1819, the university is a major research institution graduating several thousand students a year.
Category:Cincinnati, Ohio - Wikimedia Commons
Pages in category "Cincinnati, Ohio" This category contains only the following page. C. Cincinnati, Ohio
Cincinnati, Ohio - Wikimedia Commons
This page was last modified on 12 July 2008, at 08:49. Text is available under GNU Free Documentation License. Wikimedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation ...
Regus > Ohio, Cincinnati Summit Woods
Regus provides offices, meeting rooms, virtual offices and network access at locations worldwide.
Cincinnati Division Home Page
This is the FBI Cincinnati Division Home Page ... SPECIAL AGENT IN CHARGE. Keith L. Bennett. ASSISTANT SPECIAL AGENT IN CHARGE
Cincinnati, Ohio - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Cincinnati ...
Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, Ohio. Information about Cincinnati, Ohio in the Hutchinson encyclopedia.
Amazon.co.uk: Cincinnati / Greater Cincinnati (Ohio): Books
Amazon.co.uk: Cincinnati / Greater Cincinnati (Ohio): Books ... Price: £4.99 & eligible for Free UK delivery on orders over £15 with Super Saver Delivery. See details and ...
